The ATmega2561 uses quite different bit assignment for its option fuses Fuse defaults for ATmega64A Default values for ATmega64 are: hfuse = 0b10011001 (0x99) lfuse = 0b11100001 (0xE1) efuse = 0b11111101 (0xFD) Preferred values for ATmega64A are: hfuse = 0x11 lfuse = 0x1F efuse = 0xff ... which includes EESAVE feature, so that the EEPROM model data does NOT get erased during chip erase prior to re-programming ... respectively. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fuse defaults for ATmega2560/1 are: hfuse = 0b10011001 (0x99) lfuse = 0b01100010 (0x62) efuse = 0b11111111 (0xFF) The bit assignments ae quite different from the AT'64A in all cases. Preferred vale es for ATmega2560/1 are: hfuse = 0b10011001 (0x11) [OCD enabled, JTAG enabled, WDT disabled :(, EESAVE enabled, BOOT at 0x0000] lfuse = 0b01101110 (0xd7) [CKDIV8 disabled, CKOUT disabled, Full Swing Xtal Osc, 16K CK + 0ms reset, BOD enabled] efuse = 0b11111111 (0xfc) [ Brown out detector (BOD) = 4.3V ]